Animal Physiology Assignments by TEACHING CARE online tuition and coaching classes

Animal Physiology Assignments by TEACHING CARE online tuition and coaching classes

Nervous System

1. Neurons that conduct nerve impulses from the receptors to the central nervous system are
   motor neurons.
   efferent neurons.
   interneurons.
   sensory neurons.
2. Processes that carry nerve impulses away from the cell body are called
   dendrites.
   axons.
   synapses.
   myelin sheaths.
3. The neuroglia that produce myelin sheaths around axons in the peripheral nervous system are
   Schwann cells.
   oligodendrocytes.
   microglia.
   astroctyes.
4. The portion of the nervous system that is considered involuntary is the
   somatic nervous system.
   sensory nervous system.
   autonomic nervous system.
   motor nervous system.
5. All of the following are functions of the nervous system EXCEPT
   senses changes.
   analyzes changes.
   stores calcium.
   responses to changes.
6. The different charge between the outside and the inside of a neuron at rest is called
   action potential.
   synaptic potential.
   resting membrane potential.
   equilibrium potential.
7. The stage in an action potential that immediately follows depolarization is
   polarization.
   repolarization.
   threshold.
   the resting period.
8. The junction between two nerve cells is called
   neuromuscular junction.
   neuroglandular junction.
   gap junction.
   synapse.
9. Neurotransmitters are released at the
   dendrite.
   axon terminal.
   cell body.
   myelin sheath.
10. In the reflex arc, a muscle or gland is considered to be the
    receptor.
    integrating center.
    motor neuron.
    effector.

Ans.

1. sensory neurons
2. axons
3. Schwann cells
4. autonomic nervous system
5. stores calcium
6. resting membrane potential
7. repolarization
8. synapse
9. axon terminal
10. effector

Endocrine System:

1. All of the following are endocrine glands EXCEPT:
   adrenal glands
   sebaceous glands
   pineal glands
   pituitary glands
2. Hormones that enter target cells and bind to receptors in the nucleus are called
   steroid hormones.
   water soluble hormones.
   peptide hormones.
   second messengers.
3. The hormones regulating blood calcium levels are
   insulin and glucagon.
   glycogen and parathyroid hormone.
   parathyroid hormone and calcitonin.
   estrogen and progesterone.
4. All of the following are hormones of the anterior pituitary EXCEPT
   human growth hormone (GH).
   follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
   parathyroid hormone(PTH).
   thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
5. Antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin are stored and released by the
   posterior pituitary gland.
   anterior pituitary gland.
   thyroid gland.
   adrenal gland.
6. Calcitonin is a hormone of the
   adrenal cortex.
   thyroid gland.
   pituitary gland.
   thymus gland.
7. Mineralcorticoids
   are produced in the adrenal cortex.
   are steroid hormones.
   help regulate the homeostasis of sodium and potasium.
   all of the above.
8. Which of the following hormones are responsible for the “fight-or-flight” response?
   epinephrine and norepinephrine.
   insulin and glucagon.
   esrtogen and progesterone.
   thyroxin and melatonin.
9. The gland which can be classified as an endocrine and an exocrine gland is the
   thyroid.
   thymus.
   pancreas.
   pituitary.
10. . Glucagon
    accelerates the conversion of glycogen into glucose.
    slows down glucose formation from lactic acid.
    decreases the conversion of glycogen into glucose.
    speeds up protein synthesis within cells.

Ans.

1. sebaceous glands
2. steroid hormones
3. parathyroid hormone and calcitonin
4. parathyroid hormone (PTH)
5. posterior pituitary gland
6. thyroid gland
7. all of the above
8. epinephrine and norepinephrine
9. pancreas
10. accelerates the conversion of glycogen into glucose

Skeletal System

1. All of the following are functions of the skeletal system EXCEPT
   support
   blood cell production
   calcium storage
   excretion
2. The shaft of a long bone is called
   epiphysis.
   diaphysis.
   periosteum.
   endosteum.
3. Osteoclasts
   deposit calcium into bone.
   destroy bone matrix.
   are a type of white blood cell.
   A and C are correct.
4. Fat is stored in
   compact bone.
   spongy bone.
   red bone marrow.
   yellow bone marrow.
5. All of the following are facial bones EXCEPT
   nasal bone
   maxilla
   mandible
   ethmoid bone
6. Which of the following is a cranial bone?
   vomer bone
   lacrimal bone
   zygomatic bone
   sphenoid bone
7. The bone that does not articulate with any other bone is the
   vomer bone.
   zygomatic bone.
   hyoid bone.
   ethmoid bone.
8. All of the following are bones of the thorax EXCEPT
   clavicle
   sternum
   true ribs
   false ribs
9. The pelvic girdle consists of the
   humerus and radius.
   ulna and radius.
   hip bones.
   clavicle and scapula.
10. The bone of the upper arm is the
    radius.
    ulna.
    humerus.
    femur.

Ans.

1. excretion
2. diaphysis
3. destroy bone matrix
4. yellow bone marrow
5. ethmoid bone
6. sphenoid bone
7. hyoid bone
8. clavicle
9. hip bones
10. humerus

Muscular System

1. A sarcomere
   is a section of a myofibril.
   gets shorter when it contracts.
   has striations.
   All of the choices are correct.
2. During muscular contraction
   actin and myosin filaments slide past each other.
   ATP supplies energy.
   calcium ions (Ca++) are involved.
   all of the above
3. At a neuromuscular junction,
   a nerve impulse causes the release of a neurotransmitter.
   a neurotransmitter causes calcium to be released into the muscle cell.
   A & B
   none of the above
4. Which is NOT a function of muscles?
   cause movement
   produce heat
   absorb nutrients
   maintain posture
5. A skeletal muscle cell
   has light and dark bands (striations).
   has only one nucleus.
   is under involuntary control.
   None of the above are true
6. The origin of the biceps brachii is
   the attachment of the muscle that remains relatively fixed during contraction.
   the scapula.
   proximal radius.
   A & B
7. The stages in muscle contraction include a
   nerve impulse reaching a neuromuscular junction.
   nerve impulse stimulating the release of calcium ions.
   actin filaments sliding past myosin filaments.
   all the above are true
8. The functional unit of a muscle fiber is the
   sarcomere.
   myofilament.
   myofibril.
   neuromuscular junction.
9. Which of the following statements is NOT true about muscle activity.
   Muscles can only pull, they never push.
   All muscles have at least two attachments: the origin and insertion.
   During contraction, the muscle origin moves toward the insertion.
   All muscles cross at least one joint.
10. Muscle fatigue is due, in part, to the accumulation of
    lactic acid.
    citric acid.
    ATP.
    ACTH.

Ans.

1. All of the choices are correct.
2. all of the above
3. A & B
4. absorb nutrients
5. has light and dark bands (striations).
6. A & B
7. all the above are true
8. sarcomere.
9. During contraction, the muscle origin moves toward the insertion.
10. lactic acid.

Special Senses

1. Taste receptors are called
   taste buds.
   gustatory receptors.
   olfactory receptors.
   taste pores.
2. The muscle responsible for the change of the shape of the lens is the
   arrector pili muscle.
   orbicularis oculi.
   ciliary muscle.
   superior rectus muscle.
3. The layer that contains photoreceptors is the
   iris.
   retina.
   sclera.
   cornea.
4. The area containing the highest concentration of cones is the
   fovea centralis.
   optic disc.
   macula lutea.
   iris.
5. The clear jellylike substance behind the lens of the eye is the
   aqueous humor.
   cellular body.
   ciliary body.
   vitreous humor.
6. The bending of light that happens at the cornea and lens is
   accommodation.
   reflection.
   contraction.
   refraction.
7. Which of the following belongs to the middle ear?
   cochlea
   ossicles
   ampullae
   vestibule
8. The receptors for hearing are located in the
   semicircular canals.
   cochlea.
   sacculae.
   vestibule.
9. The senses for dynamic equilibrium are located in the
   utricle.
   Organ of Corti.
   cochlea.
   semicircular canals.
10. The most common cause of blindness in the United States is
    vertigo.
    cataracts.
    glaucoma.
    macular degeneration.

Ans.Bottom of Form

1. gustatory receptors
2. ciliary muscle
3. retina
4. fovea centralis
5. vitreous humor
6. refraction
7. ossicles
8. cochlea
9. semicircular canals
10. glaucoma